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Gum treatment

Periodontics, or periodontology, is a dental specialty that deals with the treatment of gums and supporting structures of teeth. The complex of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth (periodontium) includes soft tissues (including gums) and bone tissues.

Good oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist help prevent gum diseases and avoid their destructive effects.

If periodontal treatment is not done in time, gum diseases can lead to tooth loss. In addition, inflammation in the supporting structures of the teeth increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

What causes periodontal (gum) diseases?

Gum diseases are very common and affect most people at some point in their lives. Generally, they occur due to inadequate oral hygiene when dental plaque accumulates and tartar (mineralized and hardened plaque) forms. Aggressive bacteria multiply on the gum line, releasing toxins. The gums respond to this with an inflammatory process.

Gum diseases have two main forms – gingivitis (milder and reversible) and periodontitis (more severe, causing irreversible damage).

In the milder form of the disease, gingivitis or gum inflammation, the gums appear red, swollen, and bleed easily. Patients may experience mild discomfort or have no complaints at all. The most common cause of gingivitis is inadequate oral hygiene. With professional treatment and proper ongoing care, gingivitis can be completely cured.

If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress over time into a more serious condition known as periodontitis. Long-term and chronic inflammation spreads from the gums to involve the supporting structures of the teeth. The gum gradually pulls away from the tooth, forming a gum pocket where plaque can accumulate beneath the gum line. Persistent damage can occur due to inflammation, such as gum recession and bone loss. Ultimately, this leads to loosening and eventual loss of teeth.

Symptoms of periodontitis, which affect the tissues surrounding the teeth, including the bone inflammation:

  • Bleeding gums (during brushing)

  • Swollen, inflamed gums

  • Gum recession

  • Tooth sensitivity

  • Persistent bad breath despite brushing and flossing

  • Gum tenderness

  • Gaps forming between teeth (tooth mobility)

  • Gum bleeding after brushing, flossing, or eating

  • Gum swelling and/or redness

  • Gum pain and/or sensitivity

  • Persistent bad breath

  • Gum overgrowth and ulcers (less common)

During an appointment, a periodontist examines the patient's gums and notes symptoms such as bleeding, swelling, gum pockets, and pus discharge on the patient's dental record. The periodontist then assesses the treatment needed, explains possible next steps thoroughly, and provides an overview of the treatment costs. Additionally, the periodontist educates the patient on oral care practices. Based on the consultation, the periodontist develops an individualized treatment plan.